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Unnamed ruler · Old Testament

Pharaoh in Exodus

The ruler resisting Israel's release.

Pharaoh in Exodus: standing in an Egyptian palace courtyard wearing period-inspired striped linen headcloth

Who was Pharaoh in Exodus?

Pharaoh is the title of the Egyptian ruler who resisted the Israelites' release in Exodus. The text does not give his personal name. Identifying him with a particular historical king is debated.

When Moses and Aaron asked for release, Pharaoh made the workers' burden harder. The account shows authority being used to control and harm rather than care for people.

Pharaoh seated listening stubbornly to Moses and Aaron requesting freedom for the people, no plagues or violence.

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What makes a leader's instructions unfair or harmful?

What can we learn?

Illustrated portrait of Pharaoh in Exodus

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