Single lesson

David Becomes King of All Israel

2 Samuel 5:1–5; 1 Chronicles 11:1–3; 1 Chronicles 12:1–40

Today children will follow how David became king over all Israel by noticing what the elders said, how support for David had grown earlier, and how many groups later came to Hebron to make him king.

6–10 years30 minutes

Before you teach

These verses say that all the tribes, all Israel, and the elders came to David at Hebron. They said David had led Israel before and that Yahweh had spoken about him. Chronicles also looks back to earlier helpers who joined David, then moves to the large gathering at Hebron, where many tribal groups came and there was joy in Israel.

Learning aim

Students will be able to sequence the passage and explain that David became king over all Israel as people from many groups came to Hebron according to Yahweh’s word.

1

Welcome: Listen for who gathered

5 min

Introduce Hebron as the place where the tribes and elders came to David. Ask children to listen for repeated words such as “all the tribes”, “all Israel”, and “all the elders”. Notice that the people said, “we are your bone and your flesh”, showing they spoke of belonging together with David.

2 Samuel 5:1, 2 Samuel 5:3, 1 Chronicles 11:1, 1 Chronicles 11:3

2

Read and explain: What the elders said at Hebron

8 min

Read the main verses aloud. The people gave reasons from the passage itself: David had led Israel in the past, and Yahweh said David would be shepherd and prince over Israel. As a simple teaching help, children can hear “shepherd” as caring leadership. Then David made a covenant with them before Yahweh, and they anointed him king.

2 Samuel 5:2, 2 Samuel 5:3, 1 Chronicles 11:2, 1 Chronicles 11:3

3

Discuss: Earlier helpers joined David before Hebron

6 min

Explain the time shift clearly. First, 1 Chronicles 12 looks back to earlier support while David was at Ziklag and in the stronghold. Different helpers joined him, David tested whether some came peaceably, Amasai answered with words of peace, and men came day by day until there was a great army.

1 Chronicles 12:1, 1 Chronicles 12:16, 1 Chronicles 12:17, 1 Chronicles 12:18, 1 Chronicles 12:22

4

Make and respond: Trace the big gathering at Hebron

7 min

Now move to the later part of the chapter. Many armed groups came to Hebron to turn the kingdom to David according to Yahweh’s word. Point out that the passage names tribe after tribe, including Benjamin, Ephraim, Manasseh, Issachar, Zebulun and others, and then says the men of war came with a perfect heart and the rest of Israel were of one heart to make David king.

1 Chronicles 12:23, 1 Chronicles 12:29, 1 Chronicles 12:30, 1 Chronicles 12:31, 1 Chronicles 12:32, 1 Chronicles 12:33, 1 Chronicles 12:34, 1 Chronicles 12:35, 1 Chronicles 12:36, 1 Chronicles 12:37, 1 Chronicles 12:38

5

Closing: David became king and Israel rejoiced

4 min

Finish with the outcome. David was anointed king over Israel, and the passage gives his age and the length of his reign. After the gathering, the people spent three days eating and drinking because provisions had been supplied, and the chapter ends by saying there was joy in Israel.

2 Samuel 5:3, 2 Samuel 5:4, 2 Samuel 5:5, 1 Chronicles 12:39, 1 Chronicles 12:40

Questions to explore

What reasons did the people give for making David king?

Use the people’s own words: they said they were his bone and flesh, that he had led Israel before, and that Yahweh said he would be shepherd and prince over Israel.

2 Samuel 5:1, 2 Samuel 5:2, 1 Chronicles 11:1, 1 Chronicles 11:2

How does 1 Chronicles 12 show that support for David did not begin only at Hebron?

Look first at the earlier helpers at Ziklag and in the stronghold, then at the line saying men came day by day until there was a great army.

1 Chronicles 12:1, 1 Chronicles 12:17, 1 Chronicles 12:18, 1 Chronicles 12:22

What words show both wide support and celebration when David became king over all Israel?

For wide support, find the many groups who came to Hebron and the summary that the men of war came with a perfect heart and the rest of Israel were of one heart; for celebration, notice the meals, supplied provisions, and joy in Israel.

1 Chronicles 12:23, 1 Chronicles 12:29, 1 Chronicles 12:38, 1 Chronicles 12:39, 1 Chronicles 12:40

Make, think or respond

Two-Part Timeline for David’s Kingship

What you’ll need

  • Plain paper or card
  • Pencils or textas
  • Scissors
  • Bible

Try it together

  1. Draw a long line and mark two headings: “Earlier helpers” and “Hebron gathering”.
  2. Make simple cards or sketches for these moments: helpers at Ziklag, peaceable helpers welcomed, men came day by day, groups came to Hebron, covenant before Yahweh, David anointed king, joy in Israel.
  3. Place each card under the correct heading as you reread the verses together.
  4. Ask children to retell the account in order, making clear that 1 Chronicles 12 first looks back to earlier helpers, then moves to those who came to Hebron.
  5. Finish by asking which cards show Yahweh’s word and which show the people’s response.

This activity helps children keep the passage in order by separating the earlier support for David from the later gathering at Hebron where many groups came to make him king.

Adapt for your group

  • For younger children, use four picture cards only: earlier helpers, more helpers came, Hebron gathering, joy in Israel.
  • For older children, add tribe name cards from 1 Chronicles 12:29-37 and ask what the long list shows about how widely David was supported.

An optional closing prayer

You may pray: “God, thank you for your word. Please help us listen carefully, see what this passage says, and respond with willing hearts.”

Read the Bible passage World English Bible Classic

2 Samuel 5

1 Then all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and spoke, saying, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.

2 In times past, when Saul was king over us, it was you who led Israel out and in. Yahweh said to you, ‘You will be shepherd of my people Israel, and you will be prince over Israel.’ ”

3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron, and King David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Yahweh; and they anointed David king over Israel.

4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.

1 Chronicles 11

1 Then all Israel gathered themselves to David to Hebron, saying, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.

2 In times past, even when Saul was king, it was you who led out and brought in Israel. Yahweh your God said to you, ‘You shall be shepherd of my people Israel, and you shall be prince over my people Israel.’ ”

3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Yahweh. They anointed David king over Israel, according to Yahweh’s word by Samuel.

1 Chronicles 12

1 Now these are those who came to David to Ziklag while he was a fugitive from Saul the son of Kish. They were among the mighty men, his helpers in war.

2 They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in slinging stones and in shooting arrows from the bow. They were of Saul’s relatives of the tribe of Benjamin.

3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; Beracah; Jehu the Anathothite;

4 Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty and a leader of the thirty; Jeremiah; Jahaziel; Johanan; Jozabad the Gederathite;

5 Eluzai; Jerimoth; Bealiah; Shemariah; Shephatiah the Haruphite;

6 Elkanah, Isshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korahites;

7 and Joelah and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor.

8 Some Gadites joined David in the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valor, men trained for war, who could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the gazelles on the mountains:

9 Ezer the chief, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,

10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,

11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,

12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,

13 Jeremiah the tenth, and Machbannai the eleventh.

14 These of the sons of Gad were captains of the army. He who was least was equal to one hundred, and the greatest to one thousand.

15 These are those who went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks; and they put to flight all who lived in the valleys, both toward the east and toward the west.

16 Some of the children of Benjamin and Judah came to the stronghold to David.

17 David went out to meet them, and answered them, “If you have come peaceably to me to help me, my heart will be united with you; but if you have come to betray me to my adversaries, since there is no wrong in my hands, may the God of our fathers see this and rebuke it.”

18 Then the Spirit came on Amasai, who was chief of the thirty, and he said, “We are yours, David, and on your side, you son of Jesse. Peace, peace be to you, and peace be to your helpers; for your God helps you.” Then David received them and made them captains of the band.

19 Some of Manasseh also joined David when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle, but they didn’t help them, for the lords of the Philistines sent him away after consultation, saying, “He will desert to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads.”

20 As he went to Ziklag, some from Manasseh joined him: Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai, captains of thousands who were of Manasseh.

21 They helped David against the band of raiders, for they were all mighty men of valor and were captains in the army.

22 For from day to day men came to David to help him, until there was a great army, like God’s army.

23 These are the numbers of the heads of those who were armed for war, who came to David to Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to Yahweh’s word.

24 The children of Judah who bore shield and spear were six thousand eight hundred, armed for war.

25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valor for the war: seven thousand one hundred.

26 Of the children of Levi: four thousand six hundred.

27 Jehoiada was the leader of the household of Aaron; and with him were three thousand seven hundred,

28 and Zadok, a young man mighty of valor, and of his father’s house twenty-two captains.

29 Of the children of Benjamin, Saul’s relatives: three thousand, for until then, the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to Saul’s house.

30 Of the children of Ephraim: twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men in their fathers’ houses.

31 Of the half-tribe of Manasseh: eighteen thousand, who were mentioned by name, to come and make David king.

32 Of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, their heads were two hundred; and all their brothers were at their command.

33 Of Zebulun, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array with all kinds of instruments of war: fifty thousand who could command and were not of double heart.

34 Of Naphtali: one thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty-seven thousand.

35 Of the Danites who could set the battle in array: twenty-eight thousand six hundred.

36 Of Asher, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array: forty thousand.

37 On the other side of the Jordan, of the Reubenites, the Gadites, and of the half-tribe of Manasseh, with all kinds of instruments of war for the battle: one hundred twenty thousand.

38 All these were men of war who could order the battle array, and came with a perfect heart to Hebron to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king.

39 They were there with David three days, eating and drinking; for their brothers had supplied provisions for them.

40 Moreover those who were near to them, as far as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, brought bread on donkeys, on camels, on mules, and on oxen: supplies of flour, cakes of figs, clusters of raisins, wine, oil, cattle, and sheep in abundance; for there was joy in Israel.

World English Bible Classic. Public domain.

Source passages

← Explore more Bible lessons