Single lesson

Jonathan and His Armour-Bearer

1 Samuel 14:1–23

This lesson helps children follow the account of Jonathan and his armour-bearer, notice the choices made by Jonathan, his armour-bearer and Saul, and see how the passage ends by giving credit to Yahweh for saving Israel.

6–10 years30 minutes

Before you teach

In this passage, Jonathan leaves Saul’s camp with only his armour-bearer. Saul remains with about six hundred men, and the people do not know Jonathan is gone. Jonathan proposes a plan, looks for a sign, attacks the Philistine garrison, and the confusion spreads through the enemy camp until Israel joins the battle.

Learning aim

Students will be able to retell the sequence of 1 Samuel 14:1–23, identify key choices by Jonathan, his armour-bearer and Saul, and explain that the passage says Yahweh saved Israel that day.

1

Welcome: Spot the people and the problem

5 min

Briefly introduce the main people from the reading: Jonathan, his armour-bearer, Saul, the priest, the Philistines, and the Israelites. Ask children to listen for who stays behind, who goes forward, what Saul chooses to do when the camp is in turmoil, and who is named as the one who saves Israel in the final verse. Explain that an armour-bearer was the young man who went with Jonathan and carried his armour.

1 Samuel 14:1, 1 Samuel 14:2, 1 Samuel 14:3, 1 Samuel 14:17, 1 Samuel 14:18, 1 Samuel 14:19, 1 Samuel 14:20, 1 Samuel 14:23

2

Read and explain: Jonathan’s plan and sign

8 min

Read verses 1 to 10. Show that Jonathan quietly leaves without telling Saul. Point out the difficult rocky pass, which makes the journey hard. Explain Jonathan’s words carefully: he says, “It may be that Yahweh will work for us,” and also says Yahweh is not limited by many or few. Then note the sign Jonathan chooses before going further, and the armour-bearer’s support.

1 Samuel 14:1, 1 Samuel 14:4, 1 Samuel 14:5, 1 Samuel 14:6, 1 Samuel 14:7, 1 Samuel 14:8, 1 Samuel 14:9, 1 Samuel 14:10

3

Discuss: What happened when they went up?

6 min

Read verses 11 to 15. Let children trace the order: the Philistines call them up, Jonathan says Yahweh has delivered them into Israel’s hand, Jonathan climbs up, the armour-bearer follows, about twenty men fall, and then great trembling spreads through the camp and field. Help children notice both human action and the striking fear and earthquake in the passage.

1 Samuel 14:11, 1 Samuel 14:12, 1 Samuel 14:13, 1 Samuel 14:14, 1 Samuel 14:15

4

Make and respond: Sequence cards and choice talk

7 min

Give children simple cards to draw or write key scenes: Jonathan leaves, the rocky crags, the sign, climbing up, the trembling camp, Saul counting who is missing, Saul calling for the ark, Saul telling the priest to stop, Saul gathering the people, the confused Philistines, hidden Israelites joining, and Yahweh saving Israel. After placing the cards in order, ask: Which choice by Jonathan, the armour-bearer, or Saul is shown here, and what happens next in the passage?

1 Samuel 14:1, 1 Samuel 14:6, 1 Samuel 14:10, 1 Samuel 14:13, 1 Samuel 14:15, 1 Samuel 14:17, 1 Samuel 14:18, 1 Samuel 14:19, 1 Samuel 14:20, 1 Samuel 14:22, 1 Samuel 14:23

5

Closing: Saul’s choices and Yahweh’s saving

4 min

Read verses 16 to 23 to finish the story. Point out Saul’s choices in order: he counts who is missing, calls for the ark, tells the priest to withdraw his hand as the tumult increases, and gathers the people to the battle. Then note the confusion among the Philistines, others joining Israel, and the final statement that Yahweh saved Israel that day.

1 Samuel 14:16, 1 Samuel 14:17, 1 Samuel 14:18, 1 Samuel 14:19, 1 Samuel 14:20, 1 Samuel 14:21, 1 Samuel 14:22, 1 Samuel 14:23

Questions to explore

What did Jonathan say Yahweh was able to do, even with very few people?

Look closely at Jonathan’s words in verse 6 and answer using the idea he gives about many or few.

1 Samuel 14:6

What sign did Jonathan use before deciding to go up to the Philistines?

Compare the two possible replies in verses 9 and 10 and say which one meant they would go up.

1 Samuel 14:9, 1 Samuel 14:10

What choices did Saul make when the enemy camp was in confusion, and how does the passage end?

List Saul’s actions from verses 17 to 20, then finish with the statement in verse 23.

1 Samuel 14:17, 1 Samuel 14:18, 1 Samuel 14:19, 1 Samuel 14:20, 1 Samuel 14:23

Make, think or respond

Jonathan Story Sequence Cards

What you’ll need

  • plain paper or scrap card
  • pencils or textas
  • scissors
  • Bible

Try it together

  1. Read 1 Samuel 14:1–23 in short parts and list 10 to 12 key moments from the passage, including Saul’s actions in verses 17 to 20.
  2. Children draw or write one moment on each small card.
  3. Mix the cards up and have children place them back in order.
  4. Ask each child to choose one card and tell what choice or outcome it shows from the passage, including at least one Saul card.

Sequencing the cards helps children follow the order of the account and compare the choices of Jonathan, his armour-bearer and Saul before ending with the statement that Yahweh saved Israel that day.

Adapt for your group

  • For younger children, prepare fewer sequence moments and let them match pictures to spoken verses from the teacher.
  • For older or more confident children, ask them to sort cards under two headings: choices people made and outcomes described in the passage, making sure Saul’s actions in verses 17 to 20 are included.

An optional closing prayer

Dear God, thank you for this passage. Please help us remember what Jonathan said about your power, notice the choices people made, and understand what this story says about you saving Israel. Help us listen carefully to your word. Amen.

Read the Bible passage World English Bible Classic

1 Samuel 14

1 Now it happened on a day that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the Philistines’ garrison that is on the other side.” But he didn’t tell his father.

2 Saul stayed in the uttermost part of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron; and the people who were with him were about six hundred men,

3 including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn’t know that Jonathan was gone.

4 Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.

5 The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmash, and the other on the south in front of Geba.

6 Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that Yahweh will work for us, for there is no restraint on Yahweh to save by many or by few.”

7 His armor bearer said to him, “Do all that is in your heart. Go, and behold, I am with you according to your heart.”

8 Then Jonathan said, “Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.

9 If they say this to us, ‘Wait until we come to you!’ then we will stand still in our place and will not go up to them.

10 But if they say this, ‘Come up to us!’ then we will go up, for Yahweh has delivered them into our hand. This shall be the sign to us.”

11 Both of them revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines; and the Philistines said, “Behold, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes where they had hidden themselves!”

12 The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, “Come up to us, and we will show you something!” Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come up after me, for Yahweh has delivered them into the hand of Israel.”

13 Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him, and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.

14 That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow’s length in an acre of land.

15 There was a trembling in the camp, in the field, and among all the people; the garrison and the raiders also trembled; and the earth quaked, so there was an exceedingly great trembling.

16 The watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and behold, the multitude melted away and scattered.

17 Then Saul said to the people who were with him, “Count now, and see who is missing from us.” When they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there.

18 Saul said to Ahijah, “Bring God’s ark here.” For God’s ark was with the children of Israel at that time.

19 While Saul talked to the priest, the tumult that was in the camp of the Philistines went on and increased; and Saul said to the priest, “Withdraw your hand!”

20 Saul and all the people who were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle; and behold, they were all striking each other with their swords in very great confusion.

21 Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines before and who went up with them into the camp from all around, even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.

22 Likewise all the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hill country of Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.

23 So Yahweh saved Israel that day; and the battle passed over by Beth Aven.

World English Bible Classic. Public domain.

Source passages

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