Judas and the Defeat of Nicanor

1 Maccabees 7

²⁶ Then the king sent Nicanor, one of his honorable princes, a man who hated Israel and was their enemy, and commanded him to destroy the people.

²⁷ Nicanor came to Jerusalem with a great army. He sent to Judas and his kindred deceitfully with words of peace, saying,

²⁸ “Let there be no battle between me and you; I will come with a few men, that I may see your faces in peace.”

²⁹ He came to Judas, and they saluted one another peaceably. The enemies were ready to seize Judas by violence.

³⁰ This was known to Judas, that he came to him with deceit, and he was very afraid of him, and would see his face no more.

³¹ Nicanor found out that his plan was disclosed; and he went out to meet Judas in battle beside Capharsalama.

³² About five hundred men of Nicanor’s army fell, and the rest fled into the city of David.

³³ After these things, Nicanor went up to mount Zion. Some of the priests came out of the sanctuary, with some of the elders of the people, to salute him peaceably, and to show him the whole burned sacrifice that was being offered for the king.

³⁴ He mocked them, laughed at them, derided them shamefully, spoke arrogantly,

³⁵ and swore in a rage, saying, “Unless Judas and his army are now delivered into my hands, it shall be that, if I return safely, I will burn up this house!” And he went out in a great rage.

³⁶ The priests entered in, and stood before the altar and the temple; and they wept, and said,

³⁷ “You chose this house to be called by your name, to be a house of prayer and supplication for your people.

³⁸ Take vengeance on this man and his army, and let them fall by the sword. Remember their blasphemies, and don’t allow them to live any longer.”

³⁹ Then Nicanor went out from Jerusalem and encamped in Bethhoron, and there the Syrian army met him.

⁴⁰ Judas encamped in Adasa with three thousand men. Judas prayed and said,

⁴¹ “When those who came from the king blasphemed, your angel went out, and struck among them one hundred eighty-five thousand.

⁴² Even so, crush this army before us today, and let all the rest know that he has spoken wickedly against your sanctuary. Judge him according to his wickedness.”

⁴³ On the thirteenth day of the month Adar, the armies met in battle. Nicanor’s army was defeated, and he himself was the first to fall in the battle.

⁴⁴ Now when his army saw that Nicanor had fallen, they threw away their weapons and fled.

⁴⁵ They pursued them a day’s journey from Adasa until you come to Gazara, and they sounded an alarm after them with the signal trumpets.

⁴⁶ Men came out of all the surrounding villages of Judea, and outflanked them. These turned them back on those, and they all fell by the sword. There wasn’t one of them left.

⁴⁷ The Jews took the spoils and the booty, and they cut off Nicanor’s head and his right hand, which he had stretched out so arrogantly, and brought them, and hung them up beside Jerusalem.

⁴⁸ The people were exceedingly glad, and they kept that day as a day of great gladness.

⁴⁹ They ordained to keep this day year by year on the thirteenth day of Adar.

⁵⁰ So the land of Judah had rest a few days.

2 Maccabees 14

¹ Three years later, news was brought to Judas and his company that Demetrius the son of Seleucus, having sailed into the harbor of Tripolis with a mighty army and a fleet,

² had taken possession of the country, having made away with Antiochus and his guardian Lysias.

³ But one Alcimus, who had formerly been high priest, and had willfully polluted himself in the times when there was no mingling with the Gentiles, considering that there was no deliverance for him in any way, nor any more access to the holy altar,

⁴ came to King Demetrius in about the one hundred fifty-first year, presenting to him a crown of gold and a palm, and beside these some of the festal olive boughs of the temple. For that day, he held his peace;

⁵ but having gotten opportunity to further his own madness, being called by Demetrius into a meeting of his council, and asked how the Jews stood affected and what they intended, he answered:

⁶ “Those of the Jews called Hasidaeans, whose leader is Judas Maccabaeus, keep up war and are seditious, not allowing the kingdom to find tranquillity.

⁷ Therefore, having laid aside my ancestral glory—I mean the high priesthood—I have now come here,

⁸ first for the genuine care I have for the things that concern the king, and secondly because I have regard also to my own fellow citizens. For through the unadvised dealing of those of whom I spoke before, our whole race is in no small misfortune.

⁹ O king, having informed yourself of these things, take thought both for our country and for our race, which is surrounded by enemies, according to the gracious kindness with which you receive all.

¹⁰ For as long as Judas remains alive, it is impossible for the government to find peace.

¹¹ When he had spoken such words as these, at once the rest of the king’s friends, having ill will against Judas, inflamed Demetrius yet more.

¹² He immediately appointed Nicanor, who had been master of the elephants, and made him governor of Judea. He sent him out,

¹³ giving him written instructions to kill Judas himself and to scatter those who were with him, and to set up Alcimus as high priest of the great temple.

¹⁴ Those in Judea who had driven Judas into exile thronged to Nicanor in flocks, supposing that the misfortunes and calamities of the Jews would be successes to themselves.

¹⁵ But when the Jews heard of Nicanor’s advance and the assault of the heathen, they sprinkled dirt on their heads and made solemn prayers to him who had established his own people for evermore, and who always, making manifest his presence, upholds those who are his own heritage.

¹⁶ When the leader had given orders, he immediately set out from there and joined battle with them at a village called Lessau.

¹⁷ But Simon, the brother of Judas, had encountered Nicanor, yet not till late, having been delayed by reason of the sudden consternation caused by his adversaries.

¹⁸ Nevertheless Nicanor, hearing of the valor of those who were with Judas, and their courage in fighting for their country, shrank from bringing the matter to the decision of the sword.

¹⁹ Therefore he sent Posidonius, Theodotus, and Mattathias to give and receive pledges of friendship.

²⁰ So when these proposals had been long considered, and the leader had made the troops acquainted with them, and it appeared that they were all of like mind, they consented to the covenants.

²¹ They appointed a day on which to meet together by themselves. A chariot came forward from each army. They set up seats of honor.

²² Judas stationed armed men ready in convenient places, lest perhaps there should suddenly be treachery on the part of the enemy. They held a conference as was appropriate.

²³ Nicanor waited in Jerusalem, and did nothing to cause disturbance, but dismissed the flocks of people that had gathered together.

²⁴ He kept Judas always in his presence. He had gained a hearty affection for the man.

²⁵ He urged him to marry and have children. He married, settled quietly, and took part in common life.

²⁶ But Alcimus, perceiving the good will that was between them, and having taken possession of the covenants that had been made, came to Demetrius and told him that Nicanor was disloyal to the government, for he had appointed that conspirator against his kingdom, Judas, to be his successor.

²⁷ The king, falling into a rage, and being exasperated by the false accusations of that most wicked man, wrote to Nicanor, signifying that he was displeased at the covenants, and commanding him to send Maccabaeus prisoner to Antioch in all haste.

²⁸ When this message came to Nicanor, he was confounded, and was very troubled at the thought of annulling the articles that had been agreed upon, the man having done no wrong;

²⁹ but because there was no opposing the king, he watched his time to execute this purpose by strategy.

³⁰ But Maccabaeus, when he perceived that Nicanor was behaving more harshly in his dealings with him, and that he had become ruler in his customary bearing, understanding that this harshness came not of good, gathered together not a few of his men, and concealed himself from Nicanor.

³¹ But the other, when he became aware that he had been bravely defeated by the strategy of Judas, came to the great and holy temple, while the priests were offering the usual sacrifices, and commanded them to hand over the man.

³² When they declared with oaths that they had no knowledge where the man was whom he sought,

³³ he stretched out his right hand toward the sanctuary, and swore this oath: “If you won’t deliver up to me Judas as a prisoner, I will level this temple of God even with the ground, break down the altar, and I will erect here a temple to Dionysus for all to see.

³⁴ And having said this, he departed. But the priests, stretching forth their hands toward heaven, called upon him who always fights for our nation, in these words:

³⁵ “You, O Lord of the universe, who in yourself have need of nothing, were well pleased that a sanctuary of your habitation should be set among us.

³⁶ So now, O holy Lord of all holiness, keep undefiled forever this house that has been recently cleansed.”

2 Maccabees 15

¹ But Nicanor, hearing that Judas and his company were in the region of Samaria, resolved to attack them with complete safety on the day of rest.

² When the Jews who were compelled to follow him said, “Don’t destroy so savagely and barbarously, but give due glory to the day which he who sees all things has honored and hallowed above other days.”

³ Then the thrice-accursed wretch asked if there were a Sovereign in heaven who had commanded to keep the Sabbath day.

⁴ When they declared, “There is the Lord, living himself as Sovereign in heaven, who told us observe the seventh day.”

⁵ He replied, “I also am a sovereign on the earth, who commands you to take up weapons and execute the king’s business.” Nevertheless he didn’t prevail to execute his cruel plan.

⁶ And Nicanor, in his utter boastfulness and arrogance, had determined to set up a monument of complete victory over Judas and all those who were with him.

⁷ But Maccabaeus still trusted unceasingly, with all hope that he should obtain help from the Lord.

⁸ He exhorted his company not to be fearful at the assault of the heathen, but keeping in mind the help which in former times they had often received from heaven, so now also to look for the victory which would come to them from the Almighty,

⁹ and encouraging them out of the law and the prophets, and reminding them of the conflicts that they had won, he made them more eager.

¹⁰ And when he had aroused their courage, he gave them orders, at the same time pointing out the faithlessness of the heathen and their breach of their oaths.

¹¹ Arming each one of them, not so much with the sure defense of shields and spears as with the encouragement of good words, and moreover relating to them a dream worthy to be believed, he made them all exceedingly glad.

¹² The vision of that dream was this: Onias, he who had been high priest, a noble and good man, modest in bearing, yet gentle in manner and well-spoken, and trained from a child in all points of virtue, with outstretched hands invoking blessings on the whole body of the Jews.

¹³ Then he saw a man appear, of venerable age and exceeding glory, and the dignity around him was wonderful and most majestic.

¹⁴ Onias answered and said, “This is the lover of the kindred, he who prays much for the people and the holy city: Jeremiah the prophet of God.

¹⁵ Jeremiah stretched out his right hand and delivered to Judas a gold sword, and in giving it addressed him thus:

¹⁶ “Take this holy sword, a gift from God, with which you shall strike down the adversaries.”

¹⁷ Being encouraged by the words of Judas, which were noble and effective, and able to incite to virtue and to stir the souls of the young to manly courage, they determined not to carry on a campaign, but nobly to bear down upon the enemy, and fighting hand to hand with all courage bring the matter to a conclusion, because the city, the sanctuary, and the temple were in danger.

¹⁸ For their fear for wives and children, and furthermore for family and relatives, was less important to them; but greatest and first was their fear for the consecrated sanctuary.

¹⁹ Also those who were shut up in the city were in no light distress, being troubled because of the encounter in the open country.

²⁰ When all were now waiting for the decision of the issue, and the enemy had already joined battle, and the army had been set in array, and the elephants brought back to a convenient post, and the cavalry deployed on the flanks,

²¹ Maccabaeus, perceiving the presence of the troops, and the various weapons with which they were equipped, and the savageness of the elephants, holding up his hands to heaven called upon the Lord who works wonders, knowing that success comes not by weapons, but that, according to how the Lord judges, he gains the victory for those who are worthy.

²² And calling upon God, he said this: “You, O Sovereign Lord, sent your angel in the time of King Hezekiah of Judea, and he killed of the army of Sennacherib as many as one hundred eighty-five thousand.

²³ So now also, O Sovereign of the heavens, send a good angel before us to bring terror and trembling.

²⁴ Through the greatness of your arm let them be stricken with dismay who with blasphemy have come here against your holy people.” As he finished these words,

²⁵ Nicanor and his company advanced with trumpets and victory songs;

²⁶ but Judas and his company joined battle with the enemy with invocation and prayers.

²⁷ Fighting with their hands and praying to God with their hearts, they killed no less than thirty-five thousand men, being made exceedingly glad by the manifestation of God.

²⁸ When the engagement was over and they were returning again with joy, they recognized Nicanor lying dead in full armor.

²⁹ Then there was shouting and noise, and they blessed the Sovereign Lord in the language of their ancestors.

³⁰ He who in all things was in body and soul the foremost champion of his fellow citizens, he who kept through life the good will of his youth toward his countrymen, ordered that Nicanor’s head be cut off with his hand and arm, and that they be brought to Jerusalem.

³¹ When he had arrived there and had called his countrymen together and set the priests before the altar, he sent for those who were in the citadel.

³² Showing the head of the vile Nicanor and the hand of that profane man, which with proud brags he had stretched out against the holy house of the Almighty,

³³ and cutting out the tongue of the impious Nicanor, he said that he would give it in pieces to the birds, and hang up these rewards of his folly near the sanctuary.

³⁴ They all, looking up to heaven, blessed the Lord who had manifested himself, saying, “Blessed is he who has preserved his own place undefiled!”

³⁵ He hung Nicanor’s head and shoulder from the citadel, a clear sign evident to all of the help of the Lord.

³⁶ They all ordained with a common decree to in no way let this day pass undistinguished, but to mark with honor the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (it is called Adar in the Syrian language), the day before the day of Mordecai.